Aramids
The greatest advantage of aramid fiber is its exceptional tensile strength combined with very low weight. It is lighter than glass fiber and many times stronger than steel when mechanical properties are considered relative to weight. This makes it an excellent choice for applications where maximizing structural strength while minimizing mass is desired. Additionally, aramid fiber has excellent impact resistance (it does not break easily) — it can absorb and distribute impact forces effectively, which is why it is used in bulletproof vests and impact-resistant, wear-prone structures such as canoe bottoms.
Aramid fiber withstands continuous use at high temperatures and retains its mechanical properties for a long time even at temperatures up to 200 °C. It does not melt but chars only at around 400 °C, making it a fire-resistant and highly heat-resistant material. It also has good electrical insulation properties and resists various chemicals, such as oils, solvents, and saltwater.
In structural composites, aramid particularly improves tensile strength and impact resistance. On the other hand, its surface abrasion resistance is moderate, and it is susceptible to brittleness caused by UV radiation, which is why aramid-containing structures are often separately protected. Handling can be somewhat more challenging than with glass or carbon fiber: it is difficult to cut with ordinary tools, and its adhesion to resin is not as strong. However, when used correctly, aramid offers excellent performance in demanding environments.